Saturday, 30 August 2014

More than 350 Survivors and Descendants of Survivors and Victims of the Nazi Genocide Condemn Israel’s Assault on Gaza

More than 350 Survivors and Descendants of Survivors and Victims of the Nazi Genocide Condemn Israel’s Assault on Gaza



327 Jewish survivors and descendants of survivors and victims of the Nazi genocide published this letter written in response to Elie Wiesel’s manipulation of the Nazi Genocide in the Saturday, August 23rd edition of the New York Times. Since then several more have signed on.

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE – August 24th, 2014

Jewish Holocaust survivors from around the world call for justice in Gaza

[8/24/14 San Francisco, CA] 40 Jewish survivors of the Nazi Holocaust and 287 descendants of survivors and victims issued a letter this weekend condemning Israel’s actions in Gaza. “As Jewish survivors and descendants of survivors and victims of the Nazi genocide we unequivocally condemn the massacre of Palestinians in Gaza and the ongoing occupation and colonization of historic Palestine.” The letter, with signatories from 26 countries representing four generations of survivors and descendants, ran on page A13 of the Saturday, August 23rd edition of the New York Times.
The letter has been reported by Ha’aretz and the BBC among others. As of 9:00 p.m. Eastern Time on Saturday the Ha’aretz article had received more than 15,000 facebook likes and had been shared on twitter nearly 5,000 times. Signatories to the letter will be hosting a press conference on Monday, August 25th, 2014 at 11:00 am Eastern Time.
The Holocaust survivors expressed gratitude for the opportunity to express their dismay over Israel’s assault and misrepresentation of their shared history. Liliana Kaczerginski, daughter of a Vilna ghetto resistance fighter, said “What Israel is doing goes against everything that my father fought for; it is a violation of my family’s memory and I am proud to honor them with my signature.”
Hajo Meyer, a survivor of Auschwitz and the initial signatory to the letter expressed outrage at the racism coming out of Israel. “The dehumanization of Jews is what made possible the Nazi genocide. In the same way, we are witnessing the escalating dehumanization of Palestinians in Israeli society,” he said. [Meyer passed away on 8/22/2014, the day before the letter ran in the New York Times.]
The letter was penned in response to an inflammatory ad campaign in which Elie Wiesel compares the murder of children during the Holocaust to Hamas’ actions in Gaza. Wiesel’s ad—which ran in the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Washington Post and the Guardian among others—was so distasteful that the Times of London declined to run it and the Guardian published this response for free. In the letter, the survivors write, “we are disgusted and outraged by Elie Wiesel’s abuse of our history to justify the unjustifiable: Israel’s wholesale effort to destroy Gaza and the murder of more than 2,000 Palestinians, including many hundreds of children.”
Dr. Hani Jamah, a Palestinian living in California who lost 30 family members in an Israeli bombing said, “When Israel started it’s bombardment of Gaza, I turned on the news and discovered that 30 of my aunts and cousins had died in a single bomb blast. Joining my voice with 40 survivors of the Nazi genocide adds power to our call that we must work together to bring justice to Gaza.”
“With the growing number of people around the world holding Israel accountable for its genocidal crimes, I applaud the courageous statements by holocaust survivors and their families being on the right side of justice,” said Monadel Herzallah, who is part of the US Palestinian Community Network and has family in Gaza. “Our children and grandchildren inside of Gaza deserve a life of believing that Never Again means Never Again for Anyone, Anywhere, Anytime.”
Raphael Cohen, grandson of survivors who lives in the United States, called on people to take action to demand justice for Palestinians. “It is my own government paying for this violence. When governments won’t do what’s right, individuals and communities must speak out. That’s why I support the Palestinian call for boycott, divestment, and sanctions.”
The signatories hope that their letter will strengthen the claim that the legacy of Jewish suffering must mean never again for anyone, least of all, to be used in defense of Israeli violence.

Press Contact: Lee Gargagliano, survivorsletter@gmail.com
***Interviews are available in English, Spanish, French, Hebrew and German***




Dr. Hajo G. Meyer was born in 1924 in Bielefeld, Germany. Not allowed to attend Hajo Meyerschool there after November 1938, he fled to the Netherlands, alone. In I944, after a year in the underground, he was caught and subsequently survived 10 months at Auschwitz. He lives in the Netherlands.



Hedy EpsteinHedy Epstein was born August 15, 1924 in Freiburg, Germany. She escaped Nazi Germany to England on a children’s transport. Hedy’s parents were sent to Auschwitz and never heard from again. After the war, Hedy worked at the Nuremberg Medical Trial, which tried the doctors accused of performing medical experiments on concentration camp inmates. She lives in the United States.


Raphael Cohen is a writer and educator based in Oakland, California. His maternal raphael cohen 2grandparents survived the height of the Nazi genocide in Poland, hidden alongside several dozen other Jews by a non-Jewish Pole. Raphael lives in the United States.



Dr Hani Jamah is a dentist and Palestinian-American who lost 30 members of his extended family in a single Israeli bombing. Dr Jamah lives in San Jose, CA. He said, “When Israel started it’s bombardment of Gaza, I turned on the news and discovered that 30 of my aunts and cousins had died in a single bomb blast. Joining my voice with 40 survivors of the Nazi genocide adds power to our call that we must work together to bring justice to Gaza.

Edith BellEdith Bell was born in Hamburg, Germany, in 1923. Her father died in concentration camp Theresienstadt and her mother in Auschwitz. Edith was sent to Camp Westerbork, Theresienstadt, Auschwitz and Kurzbach and was liberated by the Soviet Army in January 1945. After the war she returned to the Netherlands then migrated in 1947 to Palestine, living in a Kibbutz. Edith has lived in the US since 1955 and has been a member of the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom for more than 50 years.

Margot Goldstein
Margot Goldstein has taught social studies in public schools of San Francisco for over a decade, and is the daughter of immigrants from Argentina and Germany. Her grandfather was taken by Nazi’s in the middle of the night to Buchenwald Concentration camp, but early on in the war, made it to Bolivia, where the rest of the family eventually met him. She is a part of the International Jewish Anti-Zionist Network.
Maia EttingerMaia Ettinger is a writer and attorney living in Guilford, CT. Born in Warsaw, Poland, she came to the United States at the age of 5 with her mother and grandmother, both survivors of the Nazi genocide who escaped the Warsaw Ghetto as the trains began running to Treblinka. Raised as a proud, secular Jew, Maia was a strong supporter of Israel, and struggled with the issue of Palestinian rights until her mother visited a West Bank checkpoint during the first Gulf War. In a phone call from Israel, her mother said, “Maia, it was the Ghetto.”
Liliane Kaczerginski - Schmerke Kacerczynski, Liliane’s father, was liliane_cordova_kaczera prominent Jewish fighter against the Nazis in the Vilnius ghetto in Lithuania. A former activist with Matzpen during her 14 years in Israel, Liliane is now an activist with the International Jewish Anti-Zionist Network (IJAN). She recently argued that “Zionism dishonours the genocide of European Jews” and that a “Jewish State…means Jewish supremacy; we say no to the ethnic cleansing of Palestinian people.” Liliane lives in France.

Suzanne at a demo-cropped (1)Suzanne Weiss is a Jewish holocaust survivor hidden and saved by a peasant community in Auvergne , France. Her mother died in Auschwitz, 1943. Suzanne Weiss now lives in Canada.




Alex Safron 1
Alex Safron is a Bay Area based video editor and producer. His maternal grandmother survived the Nazi Genocide, after her parents were taken and presumably perished in a concentration camp, by going into hiding with other Jews in Germany, escaping a work camp in the Pyrenees, escaping arrested by Klaus Barbie and joining the French Maquis resistance.


Messages of Support and Solidarity in Response to Survivors’ and Descendents’ Letter

IJAN has received a flood of responses to the letter condemning Israel’s genocide of Palestinians, which ran in the New York Times August 23rd.  The letter was signed by 40 survivors of the Nazi genocide and 287 descendants of survivors and victims. Below are some of the personal messages of support and solidarity that IJAN has received.
I have lost my grandfather —, my grandmother –, my aunts — and  — , my uncles –, –, — in the Nazi camps.  Only my mother came back and died on May 11th, 1999.  She left me a message of peace and tell me to always fight against injustice. That’s why I support Palestinian people against Israel apartheid policy.

Very pleased to read the reasonable voice of normal Jewish people is being heard at last. The disgusting repression of equally reasonable and normal Palestinians in Gaza proves to me the Israeli government has long since forgotten its history.

I am a 77 year old Brazilian of German Jewish descent and have just seen the news today (Aug 24, 2014) about IJAN activities in the local site of BBC.  Congratulations.

I escaped with my brother —  through the Spanish border in early 44, after almost having been identified 3 times by the Germans as Jewish. My own parents survived in occupied France but 3 aunts and 4 cousins died in several camps. I joined the Free French air force and was trained as a bomber pilot in the US. I am anti-Zionist and made in Berkeley in 2002 a declaration to the press in support of a boycott of Israeli-US academic exchanges.

You don’t need to have survived an injustice to speak out and be able to identify one today.  Solidarity with these brave people.
-London, Ontario, Canada

I share your revulsion and outrage at the carnage in Gaza. I am appalled at the brutalisation of the Palestinian people, which began in 1948 with the massacre of Deir Yassin and has continued until the present with the entire population of Palestine being held hostage under Israeli military occupation for the last 57 years and the Gaza Strip transformed into a huge open air prison. I am appalled at the vicious hypocrisy of the US Government and the gutless “see no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil” attitude of the European governments. I am appalled by the amorality of firms that deliver weapons to Israel and cheerfully help build illegal settlements, equip Israeli prisons and demolish Palestinian houses.
-An Australian concert pianist

When I protest Israeli policies, I know that my father–survivor of forced labour on the Russian front and then some camps, ending with Mauthausen–would be proud. My mother, also an enslaved worker after “selection” at Ravensbruck, would also understand the idea of “never again for anyone.”  Why is it that so many Jews, who are often so aware of other forms of racism and other inequalities, rewrite the story when it comes to Palestinians? This is a major case of historical amnesia. It was, after all, the European fascists who murdered us, not the Palestinians.
-Toronto, Canada

As a Jew living in Sweden, and being horrified by what is taking place in Gaza, it was such a relief to read this letter. Taking such a firm moral stance brings some hope back into this darkness, and I am profoundly grateful for that. I pray that your voice will ring out clearly in the Jewish world, and in Western and Israeli politics.

Zionism must end, as did Apartheid- and it will.
-Portland, US

As a relative of victims of the Holocaust, (my grandmother’s aunts, uncles and cousins were murdered by Einzatsgruppen in the Ukraine) and the descendant of indigenous survivors of attempted genocide in the Caribbean, I wholeheartedly endorse this statement.
-Cambridge, MA, US

We condemn the illegal occupation of the Palestinian people, the massacre of civilians, children, young men and women! We call on the immediate lifting of blockade!
-Guinée-conakry

As a 6-year old child I have immigrated with family in 1937 from Northeim, Germany to then British-ruled Palestine. My full support to the jewish survivors letter opposing the use of the holocaust to defend every wrongdoing of Israel by Israel, Hasbara and it’s supporters abroad. -Israel


The letter in the New York Times echoed my sentiments after I read Rabbi Shmuley’s hateful and distorted/untruthful advertisements in the Wall Street Journal and New York Times over the last weeks.  Half of my family is Jewish, with members who were victimized by the Nazis.  We were taught that the victimization of Palestinians by Jews, seizing homes, land, farms, personal belongings and more, including the loss of life at the hands of militant Zionists was wrong enough for us not to endorse Zionism.  Although we have many friends who live in Israel, and we have visited, we are sickened by the double standard by which many Jews have taken refuge in Israel at the expense of Palestinians.  Bless you all for your efforts.

Together we stand against military agression, occupation, colonization, apartheid, ethnic cleansing and genocide, for the sake of a better, safer and more just world for anyone, regardless of faith, origin, sex and you name it!
-Sassenheim, Netherlands

We respect and appreciate the anti-Zionist Jewish friends for their integrity and courage. They remind us of that long and honorable emancipationist tradition dating back to Moses Mendelsohn, but broken by the Zionist movement.
-Cairo, Egypt

With the growing number of people around the world holding Israel accountable for its genocidal crimes, I applaud the courageous statements by holocaust survivors and their families being on the right side of justice. Our children and grandchildren inside of Gaza deserve a life of believing that Never Again means Never Again for Anyone, Anywhere, Anytime.
-San Francisco, CA, US

Mark Twain: “History doesn’t repeat itself, but it rhymes.” Gaza is the Polish ghetto of our times.
-New York, NY, US

As a jew who lost many family members in pogroms, and as a human being who hates racism, colonialism and violence, I must speak out against Israel’s brutalization of Palestinians. Never again for anyone!
-Brooklyn, NY, US

I am the daughter of a Holocaust survivor. It is my deep regret that he does not share the these feelings. Nonetheless I am a proud Jew who acts according to my conscience and continue to advocate and organize for ending the occupation and the ongoing genocide of the Palestinians.
-Canada

Desperately, as the months and the horrors multiply, ‘Never Again for Anyone.’
-London

“El genocidio comienza con el silencio del mundo” y no queremos ser complices del asesinato del pueblo palestino, ni de las agresiones ante todos aquellos que nos manifestemos en contra del accionar vergonzoso del estado israeli
-La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Mi más profunda solidaridad a quienes con mucha valentía han salido a denunciar el Genocidio que lleva adelante el Estado terrorista de Israel. Como descendiente de familia judía grito: EN NUESTRO NOMBRE NO. Viva la lucha y la resistencia del heroico Pueblo Palestino. Todos y todas somos Gaza.
-Argentina

My family fled the Nazis in 1940, I am first generation American, and I condemn Israel’s brutal slaughter and want it to STOP. The horror I feel at what has become the Zionist state of Israel, at the right-wing Zionist war machine, and at the gruesome war crimes being committed by it against the human beings in Palestine, especially in Gaza which is still being massacred, is the self-same horror I felt as a child hearing about the Nazi persecution of European Jews. The Palestinians are my family now, cherished victims and ancestors and sacred souls, needlessly sacrificed to a monstrous patriarchal force which is fueled by bigotry and ignorance!
-US

Je condamne avec la plus grande fermeté le massacre des palestiniens et la négation de leurs droits en tant que peuple de la Palestine. -Bruxelles

The Jewish resistance of the Warsaw ghetto did not fight for the approval of the German Nazi government, but for the survival of their own people. The people of Gaza are doing the same today. The state of Israel is illegitimate and must be dismantled.
-Ottawa, Canada

If a person kills another, it is called murder. But what do you call it when an imprisoned population is targeted, when 90 ENTIRE families are exterminated? When orchards and farm animals are bombed? When children are murdered? When eyewitness accounts are discredited? This tragic predicament should never happen to anyone. To ANY people. I and my family believe that the Palestinian people want to and deserve to live in peace, without fear, with justice and full human rights, including the capability for human flourishing. They deserve this along with the rest of humanity.

The Holocaust does not justify Israel committing genocide against Gaza and the Palestinian people. The Irgun, the Stern Gang, names of Jewish terrorist groups of the Zionist enterprise who orchestrated mapped out terrorist campaigns to get as many of the Palestinian people out for their lands in 1948. The people of Gaza are owners of homes in places such as Sderot. They are illegally prevented from returning. For seven years Israel has been starving Gaza under a brutal military siege.

I am reformist monotheist activist, a Kurdish/Turkish/American author, professor of philosophy residing in Tucson, Arizona. I am very delighted to hear your voice. The Zionist policy has been inflaming anti-Semitism around the world. And you are the best group to fight against the increasing racism, against Arabs and Jews alike.

Source:  http://ijsn.net/press-release-jewish-holocaust-survivors-from-around-the-world-call-for-justice-in-gaza/

Poem of the Week: Joining-up by Louis Golding

Huntingdon War Memorial 'The Thinking Soldier'

Joining-Up


No, not for you the glamour of emprise,
Poor driven lad with terror in your eyes.

No dream of wounds and medals and renown
Called you like Love from your drab Northern town.

No haunting fife, dizzily shrill and sweet,
Came lilting drunkenly down your dingy street.

You will not change, with a swift catch of the pride,
In the cold hit among the leers and oaths,
Out of your suit of frayed civilian clothes,
Into the blase of khaki they provide.

Like a trapped animal you crouch and choke
In the packed carriage where the veterans smoke
And tell such pitiless takes of Over There,
They stop your heart dead short and freeze your hair.

Your body's like a flower on a snapt stalk,
Your head hangs from your neck as blank as chalk.

What horrors haunt you, head upon your breast!
...O but you'll die as bravely as the rest!

By Louis Golding



Louis Golding (1895-1958) was born in Manchester (my home city), and educated at Manchester Grammar School and, after the war, Queen's College, Oxford. Unfit for combat service, but served with Friend's Ambulance Unit in Salonika and France 1914-1919. He became a prolific novelist, essayist and travel writer. His War Poems appear in Sorrows of War (1919) and Shepherd singing Ragtime, and Other Poems (1921).

For further information: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Golding


A History of the First World War in 100 Moments: Russia loses an army at the Battle of Tannenberg

A History of the First World War in 100 Moments: Russia loses an army at the Battle of Tannenberg


Captured soldiers of the Russian 2nd Army after their defeat at the Battle of Tannenberg

For Russians, it was one of the great military disasters: an episode of epic incompetence that spawned at least one literary masterpiece. Richard Askwith reflects on the events in East Prussia in August 1914

 
 

The Battle of Tannenberg, less than a month into the war, was one of Russia’s greatest military disasters. The Russians launched a vast two-pronged attack on East Prussia using its 1st and 2nd Armies, but lacked the competence to complete it. The fast-moving Germans, helped by the planning of Colonel Maximilian Hoffman and by the capture of two unencrypted messages revealing the Russians’ intentions, were able to encircle the 2nd Army before it could link up with the 1st.

A huge German artillery assault on 27 August (14 August in the Russian calendar) was a major turning-point. The following day, the 2nd Army’s commander, General Alexander Samsonov, recognised that his force was completely surrounded and gave the order to withdraw – too late. The Russian forces, many abandoning their weapons, fled in disorder, with huge numbers taken prisoner by the encircling Germans.
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, whose great historical novel, August 1914, recreated the disaster of Tannenberg in exhaustive detail, described the crowds of prisoners thus: “The Germans have formed a line to comb the forest and are flushing them out like animals. They pick them up and if they are badly wounded they shoot them to put them out of their misery. Here comes a column of prisoners, virtually unescorted… They are already swaying and stumbling; it is worst of all for those with leg-wounds. You are lucky if you have a faithful comrade so that you can put an arm around his neck and he can half-lead, half-carry you.

“For other prisoners it is even worse: they are not allowed to march away but are harnessed instead of horses to their own Russian guns, which are now trophies of war, and have to drag them, pull them and push them up to where the victors are patrolling the main road in armoured cars, with armed cyclists and machine-gunners ready to open fire…The column of men on foot is led into a cage for people, fenced in with barbed wire, so makeshift as to be little more than symbolic, on temporary poles stuck into the ground. Here the prisoners are strewn about on the bare earth, lying, sitting, clasping their heads, standing, walking, exhausted, some with their arms in slings, some bandaged, some unbandaged, some bruised, some with open wounds and others, for some reason, in nothing but their underwear; some are barefoot and none of them, of course, have been fed. Mournful, forsaken, they look at us through the barbed wire…”
By 30 August, more than 90,000 Russians had been captured; about 30,000 had been killed or wounded; barely 10,000 escaped.
General Samsonov shot himself rather than endure the shame of reporting the disaster to the Tsar.
‘August 1914’, by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, from which the above quotations are taken, will be republished by Vintage Books in August, at £10.99

Source: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/world-history/history-of-the-first-world-war-in-100-moments/a-history-of-the-first-world-war-in-100-moments-russia-loses-an-army-at-the-battle-of-tannenberg-9247186.html

Foreign fighters tell us a different story from the trenches

Here is an interesting article that I read in The Observer last week, and thought that it might be of interest to readers of this blog:

Indian infantrymen 1914
Indian infantrymen on the march in France in October 1914. Photograph: Hulton

Foreign fighters tell us a different story from the trenches


We should recognise the role of non-European troops in the First World War

  • The Observer

Last week, ceremonies were held in Tanzania and Kenya to mark the anniversary of the moment in 1914 when German forces marched into British Kenya, the only German invasion of British territory during theFirst World War. The government of Tanzania explained that the centenary of the Great War, in which Tanzania, then the colony of German East Africa, was an important battlefield, offers Tanzanians an opportunity to ensure that the "country's role and sacrifice during the First World War is remembered".
In the same week, in Britain, the Ensuring We Remember group ramped up its campaign for the creation of a permanent memorial to the 100,000 men of the Chinese Labour Corps, who served with the British armyduring the conflict, thousands of them killed by enemy fire, accidents or Spanish flu.
Even before the centenary starting-gun had been fired, nations across the world had begun to reclaim their lost stories and demand, like the Tanzanians, that their "role and sacrifice" be remembered. In Thailand, the 2008 feature film First Flight reminded Thais of the men of the Siamese Expeditionary Force, a unit of pilots, surgeons and well-trained soldiers who were sent to France in 1918.
There is a huge and passionate desire by nations and communities who have been sidelined by mainstream history to use the opportunity offered by the centenary to "re-globalise" popular understanding of the first truly global conflict. I've found some of the responses to my own TV series,The World's War – Forgotten Soldiers of Empire, poignant and moving, as individuals and leaders from various communities in Britain have written to express their surprise at the inclusion of stories about their ancestors.
British Sikh and Muslim groups have been in touch, as have men and women whose ancestors served in Africa, some of whom just wanted to talk about their grandfathers' service to someone interested in their stories. I've had touching messages from members of Britain's Chinese community, who have evidently become wearily accustomed to the near invisibility of the Chinese Labour Corps in most accounts of the war. All these groups have reason to be surprised at the sudden upsurge in interest. There is at this moment a tentative sense that things are changing. Since the cessation of hostilities, the prevailing historical image of the war has slowly contracted. That process began in 1919, when decisions were made as to which men and which races were to be allowed to march in the two victory parades of that year, held in Paris and London. In Paris, the US army ensured that when its legions marched under the Arc de Triomphe there were no black faces among their ranks, despite having mobilised 400,000 African Americans. In the London victory parade, space was found for Indian regiments but it was decided that it would be "impolitic to bring coloured detachments to participate in the peace processions".
By the end of the 20th century, a combination of deliberate exclusion and perhaps accidental myopia had dramatically shrunk the First World War. Rather than the kaleidoscopic, multiracial, global conflict that it was, it had become a monochrome European struggle. The dominant image in Britain, as we entered the first of the four centenary years, was of poppies, poets and the Somme. This is far from a full picture. It is a narrative that largely excludes our allies, says little about the role of women and is almost silent on the sacrifices by millions of men and women from beyond Europe. One of the many oddities of this phenomenon is that historians, film-makers and educationalists have jettisoned many of the most compelling stories.
As any dramatist who has struggled to bring the war to screen or stage can testify, the plotline to every great push on the Western Front is grimly repetitive, while most of the potential heroes – the politicians and generals of the victorious allies – turn out to be not just largely uninspired but in many cases unforgivably dull. What's more, the whole, long, stuttering story is so sodden in blood and futility as to make romanticisation – the meat and drink of most military history and national myth-making – almost impossible.
Yet as journalists at the time understood, the arrival on battlefields of millions of men from outside Europe, along with the spread of the war across continents, was one of the most fascinating and colourful (literally) features of a war that was otherwise drab and tragic.
The early British and French victories in west Africa, for example, were reported in effusive detail. The war in the Middle East, at least when it was going in Britain's favour, was another favourite trope of the press. Exotic Indian regiments performed sweeping manoeuvres through landscapes of classical antiquity and captured cities of biblical fame. Yet the incredible spectacle of the vast, multiracial imperial armies on the Western Front was historically buried in the century after victory, despite the valiant efforts of various regimental historians and modern scholars such as Hew Strachan.
There are reasons why, in 2014, a wider, more inclusive memory of the war seems to be re-emerging. In December 1917, a British correspondent who had been sent to the townsbehind the Western Front described that great militarised zone as "like a cinema show for the village children, who will dream of it, one fancies when they are old, and remember how men came from Asia and Africa to work for France in her dire need". The presumption was that by the time those children grew up, Europe would have reverted to being as racially and culturally monochrome as in 1914.
Europe's path led her in another direction, into another terrible war in the wake of which there arrived waves of immigrants from those former colonies and beyond. Europe's cities in 2014, with their mix of races, cultures and faiths, better resemble the militarised zones of 1917 than they do the streets of Edwardian London, Third Republic Paris or imperial Berlin. This enormous demographic shift is without doubt one of the forces behind the current clamour for an expanded, more inclusive retelling of story of the First World War. Britain, the most confidently diverse of the former combatant states of Europe, is perhaps uniquely placed and uniquely willing to undergo that process of historical reassessment.

Source: http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/aug/23/neglected-figures-of-past-deserve-memorial-too

Saturday, 23 August 2014

Service to end World War One commemorations in Flanders

Further to my earlier post last week referring to Hedd Wyn, I have just found this report from BBC Wales:

Service to end World War One commemorations in Flanders


Men from Wales who lost their lives in Flanders during World War One have been remembered at a ceremony in Belgium.
About 500 people attended the service at Artillery Wood Cemetery on Sunday, where poet Hedd Wyn is buried.
The sounding of the Last Post dedicated to the Welsh fallen at Menin Gate, in Ypres, marked the end of a weekend of events in the town.
They began on Saturday with the unveiling of a memorial to all Welsh servicemen killed in the Great War.
Welsh language poet Wyn, who was born Ellis Humphrey Evans, was killed in action near to where the new memorial stands in Langemark on 31 July 1917.
The same year he became the posthumous winner of the bardic chair at the 1917 National Eisteddfod for his poem Yr Arwr (The Hero).
Langemark parish priest, Bart Demuymck, opened the service and paid tribute to the poet who he said represented the many soldiers who were never found.
"On this remote place in fields of Flanders so many years ago, this country was over run by ruthless war," he said.
"From all countries of the world, soldiers came here to bring an end to hatred and violence, even from your country.
"Many of them never returned back home and found their last resting place here in the soil. One of then was very well known - Hedd Wyn.
"With him we will remember the many unknown soldiers that are buried here."
The ceremony at Artillery Wood Cemetery was held in front of Hedd Wyn's grave
The ceremony at Artillery Wood Cemetery was held in front of Hedd Wyn's graveThe ceremony at Artillery Wood Cemetery was held in front of Hedd Wyn's grave
Cor Rygbi Gogledd Cymru at the site of Hedd Wyn's plaque in Langemark where they performed Calon Lan
Cor Rygbi Gogledd Cymru at the site of Hedd Wyn's plaque in Langemark where they performed Calon Lan
Last Post sign
A ceremony is held there every evening to remember those who lost their lives
Choir sings at the Menin Gate memorial
The choir gave a rendition of the hymn Gwahoddiad (I hear thy welcome voice)
First Minister Carwyn Jones unveiled the monument
First Minister Carwyn Jones unveiled the monumentFirst Minister Carwyn Jones unveiled the monument at Saturday's service
"
Plaid Cymru MP Elfyn Llwyd spoke at the ceremony
Plaid Cymru MP Elfyn Llwyd spoke at the ceremony at Artillery Wood Cemetery on Sunday
Flags lowered for the Last Post at the Menin Gate memorial
The Welsh visitors took part in the sounding of the Last Post at the Menin Gate memorial

Elfyn Llwyd, Plaid Cymru MP for Dwyfor Meirionnydd, which includes the poet's home town of Trawsfynydd, said the purpose of the ceremony was not to glorify war, but to thank the thousands of men and women who lost their lives for their country.
"Today in Flanders we have the great privilege of having the opportunity to thank those thousands of men and young women for their ultimate sacrifice.
"Not in celebration but as an act of tribute to those brave young people who gave their future to allow us ours.
"By honouring the memory of those brave men and women we can learn great lessons, lessons it is our duty to pass on to the next generation.
"Hedd Wyn was iconic, he's part of our national consciousness but he also represents a lost generation of brave and gifted young Welsh people," he said.
"Hedd Wyn and our lost generation, may they rest in peace. We thank you from the bottom of our hearts."
A plaque dedicated to Hedd WynA plaque dedicated to Hedd Wyn
Members of Cor Rygbi Gogledd Cymru (The North Wales Rugby Choir) performed three songs, including the Welsh hymn Cwm Rhondda, accompanied by harpist Dylan Cernyw.
The ceremony ended with a prayer for peace, before the crowd broke into a spontaneous rendition of the Welsh national anthem.
A short ceremony followed at a plaque dedicated to Wyn in the community of Hagebos (Iron Cross).
Fraser Savage travelled from Llangollen to attend this weekend's remembrance events.
Mr Savage said: "The level of interest (in the Welsh Memorial in Flanders) piqued my interest and about the war in general.
"My great grandfather lost his leg here, my wife's great grandfather lost his arm and my great grandfather's brother died.
"I have seen records and letters of their time at war at home and thought it's nice to come and see where it happened and pay my respects."
Hundreds later gathered for the sounding of the Last Post at the Menin Gate, a ritual played out every evening on the same spot since 1928.
In autumn a memorial garden will be created around the stone cromlech to complete what is a lasting reminder of the sacrifice made by the people of Wales who fought in the First World War.
On Saturday, about 1,000 people had gathered to see the unveiling of a lasting monument to Welsh soldiers who died in World War One in Flanders.
The cromlech built in Langemark, Belgium, marked the 100th anniversary of the war's outbreak and followed years of campaigning by those who wanted a permanent dedication to the fallen.
It is estimated 40,000 soldiers, sailors and airmen from Wales died during the 1914 to 1918 war.
First Minister Carwyn Jones unveiled the monument.

Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-28825280


A History of the First World War in 100 Moments: Austro-Hungarian army executes civilians in Serbia

A History of the First World War in 100 Moments: Austro-Hungarian army executes civilians in Serbia


Civilians near the Austrian lines in Serbia are strung up – probably as a reprisal for guerrilla resistance to the invaders
No.5 Serbia, September 1914: Any illusions about the romance of war rapidly evaporated when the  Austro-Hungarian army invaded Serbia. Overwhelming force was met with implacable resistance, spawning a vicious cycle of atrocities. Tony Paterson continues our series by focusing on a moment that stood for all too many more

The shocking, black-and-white photograph, taken on the edge of a Serbian village just days after it was invaded by the massed forces of the Austro-Hungarian army in the late summer of 1914, is not the only one of its kind. In this one, a line of Serbian men in civilian clothes are attached to posts: possibly dead already, possibly awaiting execution by firing squad.

There are others. In one, three women in colourful peasant costumes and four men in dark suits are trussed up like helpless game birds on crucifix-shaped poles, their faces covered with white blindfolds, while soldiers stand nearby, rifles in hand. In a third, the civilians, also blindfolded, are kneeling in a semi-circle, each tied to a small post, while the firing squad takes aim.
These photographs were almost certainly taken by members of the Austro-Hungarian army. They allow only fleeting glimpses of the horror experienced by civilians almost immediately after the invasion of Serbia began on 12 August 1914.
The military justification for the massacre of civilians was that many were “partisans” engaged in a guerrilla war against the invading forces. As early as 17 August, the Austro-Hungarian general, Lothar vonHortstein, complained that it was impossible to send reconnaissance patrols into Serb territory because “all were killed by the rural people”. But it is also certain that popular anti-Serb sentiment gave the military the impression it had been given carte blanche to commit atrocities. A popular song in Vienna in August of that year was entitled “Alle Serben müssen sterben” (“All Serbs must die”).

Anti-Serb propaganda postcards on sale in the Austrian capital depicted Serbs as backward “Untermenschen” or “Sub humans” – a term later used by Adolf Hitler and the Nazis to describe Jews and Slavs. Some advocated that Serbs should be boiled alive in cauldrons or stuck on forks and eaten.
The Austrian empire was bent on avenging the Serb nationalist assassination of its heir to throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, with brutality on a scale so far unprecedented in modern war. Much has been written about the German massacre of Belgian civilians during the opening stages of the Great War. Far less has been told about Austro-Hungary’s treatment of Serbia’s civilian population.
The anti-civilian offensive has been described as the beginning of a type of warfare dubbed “Vernichtungskrieg”, or “war of destruction”, ruthlessly practised by Nazi Germany on civilian populations across Europe just over a quarter of a century later. Anton Holzer, an Austrian historian and expert on the Austro-Hungarian invasion of Serbia in 1914, wrote: “There were countless and systematic massacres carried out against the Serbian population.
“The soldiers invaded villages and rounded up unarmed men, women and children. They were either shot dead, bayoneted to death or hanged. The victims were locked into barns and burned alive. Women were sent up to the front lines and mass-raped. The inhabitants of whole villages were taken as hostages and humiliated and tortured. The perpetrators were the soldiers of the Austro-Hungarian army.”
Austria's Atrocities. Blindfolded and in a kneeling position, patriotic Jugo-Slavs in Serbia near the Austrian lines were arranged in a semi-circle and ruthlessly shot at a command
Austria's Atrocities. Blindfolded and in a kneeling position, patriotic Jugo-Slavs in Serbia near the Austrian lines were arranged in a semi-circle and ruthlessly shot at a command
Much of the evidence of Austro-Hungarian war crimes against Serbia’s civilian population was collected by the Swiss criminology professor, Rodolphe Archibald Reiss, who as a neutral observer was asked by the Serbian government to investigate. Reiss reported in 1916 that countless Austro-Hungarian troops confirmed having received orders to attack and massacre the Serbian civilian population and that “everything was permissible”.
Serbia’s civilian population did not have to wait long for a repeat performance. In 1941,  Hitler’s troops invaded Serbia and set about massacring members of the civilian population. As in 1914, some were alleged to be partisans. Others were shot in reprisal executions to avenge the deaths of German troops. Some German soldiers were equipped with home cine-cameras. They filmed the hapless Serb civilians being shot or strung up and hanged en masse from makeshift gallows. Photography had moved on since 1914 – this time the pictures were moving and in colour.

Source: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/world-history/history-of-the-first-world-war-in-100-moments/a-history-of-the-first-world-war-in-100-moments-the-execution-of-civilians-in-serbia-9244674.html

Wednesday, 20 August 2014

Poem of the Week: In Flanders Fields by Lieutenant Colonel John McCrae, MD

I first published this poem on this blog 28/09/12, and republish it here without apology. As I stated in an earlier posting today, I have just returned from Belgium, and witnessed the Last Post at The Menen Gate. I found this to be profoundly moving.

In a gift shop window a little further down the street, In Flanders Fields made the centerpiece of the shops' display. Looking for a gift for a friend who is a veteran of the Second World War, I saw a book of the same name by Herwig Verleyen. It is the story of John McCrae, his poem and the poppy. Having bought it for Michael, I am inspired to utilise the poem again as 'Poem of the Week'.

Flanders _content _banner

In Flanders Fields

In Flanders Fields the poppies blow
Between the crosses, row on row,
That mark our place; and in the sky 
The larks, still bravely singing, fly
Scarce heard amid the guns below

We are the dead. Short days ago
We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow,
Loved and were loved, and now we lie
In Flanders Fields.

Take up our quarrel with the foe:
To you from failing hands we throw
The torch; be yours to hold it high.
If ye break faith with us who die
We shall not sleep. Though poppies grow
In Flanders Fields.

(Lieutenant Colonel John McCrae, MD)

John McCrae is remembered for what is probably the best known and popular of all World War I poetry. It is believed the he was so moved by the death of his friend Lieutenant Alexis Helmer, who had been killed by a shell burst, and inspired by the profusion of wild poppies he could see in the nearby cemetery, that he wrote 'In Flanders Fields'. Sadly John McCrae did not survive WWI; he died from pneumonia whilst on active duty in 1918.

Source: British Legion Campaign Leaflet 2012


A History of the First World War in 100 Moments: The Germans advance into Brussels

A History of the First World War in 100 Moments: The Germans advance into Brussels

A British cartoon from Punch in 1914 depicting "young" Belgium barring "elderly" Germany's path

The entrance of the German army into Brussels has lost the human quality. It was lost as soon as the three soldiers who led the army bicycled into the Boulevard du Régent and asked the way to the Gare du Nord. When they passed, the human note passed with them. What came after them, and 24 hours later is still coming, is not men marching, but a force of nature like a tidal wave, an avalanche or a river flooding its banks. At this minute it is rolling through Brussels as the swollen waters of the Conemaugh Valley swept through Johnstown.

At the sight of the first few regiments of the enemy we were thrilled with interest. After they had passed for three hours in one unbroken steel-grey column we were bored. But when hour after hour passed and there was no halt, no breathing time, no open spaces in the ranks, the thing became uncanny, inhuman. You returned to watch it, fascinated. It held the mystery and menace of fog rolling toward you across the sea.
The grey of the uniforms worn by both officers and men helped this air of mystery. Only the sharpest eye could detect among the thousands that passed the slightest difference. All moved under a cloak of invisibility. Only after the most numerous and severe tests, with all materials and combinations of colour that give forth no colour, could this grey have been discovered. That it was selected to clothe and disguise the German when he fights is typical of the German Staff in striving for efficiency to leave nothing to chance, to neglect no detail.

After you have seen this service uniform under conditions entirely opposite you are convinced that for the German soldier it is his strongest weapon. Even the most expert marksman cannot hit the target unless he can see. It is a grey-green, not the blue-grey of our Confederates. It is the grey of the hour just before daybreak, the grey of unpolished steel, of mist among green trees...
This army has been on active service three weeks, and so far there is not apparently a chin-strap or a horseshoe missing. It came in with the smoke pouring from cookstoves on wheels, and in an hour had set up post office wagons, from which mounted messengers galloped along the line of column distributing letters and at which soldiers posted picture postcards.
The infantry came in files of five, 200 men to each company; the lancers in columns of four, with not a pennant missing. The quick-firing guns and field pieces were one hour at a time in passing, each gun with its caisson and ammunition wagon taking 20 seconds in which to pass.
The men of the infantry sang “Fatherland, My Fatherland”. Between each line of song they took three steps. At times 2,000 men were singing together in absolute rhythm and beat. When the melody gave way, the silence was broken only by the stamp of ironshod boots, and then again the song rose. When the singing ceased, the bands played marches. They were followed by the rumbles of siege guns, the creaking of wheels and of chains clanking against the cobble-stones and the sharp bell-like voices of the bugles.
For seven hours the army passed in such solid column that not once might a taxi-cab or trolley car pass through the city. Like a river of steel it flowed, grey and ghostlike. Then, as dusk came and a thousands of horses’ hoofs and thousands of iron boots continued to tramp forward, they struck tiny sparks from the stones, but the horses and men who beat out the sparks were invisible.
At midnight, pack wagons and siege guns were still passing. At seven this morning I was awakened by the tramp of men and bands playing jauntily. Whether they marched all day or not I do not know; but for 26 hours the grey army rumbled with the mystery of fog and the pertinacity of a steamroller.
First published in the News Chronicle, 23 August 1914

source: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/world-history/history-of-the-first-world-war-in-100-moments/a-history-of-the-first-world-war-in-100-moments-the-germans-advance-into-brussels-9242365.html